For short-term and small operations in veterinary medicine, non-inhalation anesthesia is used. When it is carried out, an anesthetic drug is injected intravenously to the animal. If the operation requires long-term surgical intervention, inhalation anesthesia is used.
Instructions
Step 1
Anesthesia is an artificially induced sleep, which is used in veterinary practice to perform surgical operations on animals. Anesthesia is accompanied by loss of sensation, loss of reflexes and muscle relaxation. In addition to operations, anesthesia is often used for veterinary examinations of animals.
Step 2
Anesthesia is usually divided into several stages. During the first stage, the animal experiences analgesia - loss of pain sensitivity. The second stage is characterized by excitement and proceeds differently in different animals. It is expressed in increased physical activity - the animal is trying to get rid of the anesthetic mask or fixing bandages. The third stage of anesthesia is called surgical. During this period, the animal begins a restful sleep, the pupils narrow and stop responding to light. The operation begins only at the onset of this stage.
Step 3
In veterinary practice, non-inhalation drugs for anesthesia are most often used - various barbiturates, drugs "Methoxiton", "Rompun" and "Rometar". Anesthetics of the barbiturate group can have both long-term and ultra-short effects.
Step 4
Non-inhalation anesthetics are given intravenously. The solution is injected slowly, controlling the condition of the animal. Usually, anesthesia occurs within a few minutes after the start of the injection. Upon reaching the surgical stage of anesthesia, the animal takes a deep breath, after which sleep begins. Thereafter, the administration of the anesthetic is reduced or stopped.
Step 5
In the case of most anesthetics from the group of barbiturates (hexenal, sodium thiopental), the narcotic sleep lasts no longer than 20 minutes, therefore such drugs are suitable for small operations.
Step 6
In veterinary medicine, xylazine-based drugs (Rompun, Rometar) are also used for non-inhalation anesthesia. These drugs have a sedative and analgesic effect. They can be administered both intramuscularly and intravenously and allow minor surgical procedures.
Step 7
If a long and traumatic operation is required, inhalation anesthesia is used. In modern veterinary medicine, nitrous oxide, medical ether and some other substances are used for inhalation anesthesia. As a rule, special anesthesia machines are used for non-inhalation anesthesia. For ether anesthesia, you can limit yourself to the simplest anesthetic mask soaked in medical ether. The mask is applied to the animal's face and it inhales ether vapors until it falls asleep.
