The bird's brain has a rather complex structure. It is much larger than the brain of reptiles, but has a lot in common with them. The most developed part is the cerebral hemispheres, which are responsible for processing information.
The general structure of the brain of birds
The brain is part of the central nervous system, which is enclosed in the skull. In birds, it has three main parts, named for its location: the hindbrain, midbrain, and forebrain.
The hindbrain is an oblong, straight and relatively small part. It is, in fact, a modified continuation of the spinal cord and cerebellum.
The two parts of the medulla oblongata are connected to each other using the tibiae of the cerebellum. The midbrain consists of large semi-lobes, cerebral cortex and visual lobes.
The forebrain is subdivided into the thalamus and cerebral hemispheres. Parts of the thalamus form the pituitary gland and chiasmata (optic nerves). The lateral portions of the thalamus contain the inner portions of the optic lobes, which are found in mammals and the optic thalamus. The posterior part of the thalamus forms the pineal gland or pineal gland, the corpus callosum, and the anterior commissure. Most of the cerebral hemispheres consists of the striatum, which is the bulk of the gray medulla. There are also the olfactory lobes, which are located at the front of the brain.
Components of the bird's brain
The central canal that runs through the spinal cord and then continues into the brain. Then it expands and turns into visual lobes. The expansion of this canal passes into the visual hillock, which is responsible for the birds' vision. This organ is located below the pituitary gland and looks like a funnel.
The pituitary gland is directly connected to an organ called the Turkish saddle. This is a niche or notch formed by the anterior and posterior basisphenoid bones. This peculiar organ is probably a degenerated remnant of a sensory organ at the mouth of the spine. It appeared in part as a result of the transformation of the palate, which is connected to the brain by nerve fibers. This organ helps birds to taste food.
The epiphyseal fibers or pineal gland are the remnants of a sensory organ that helps animals to pick up odors at a great distance. It is still found in lizards, birds and some mammals. In humans, this organ is practically atrophied.
The cerebellum of birds consists of two "petals". It has a series of external transverse grooves that divide it into lamellas. On the vertical longitudinal, or "sagittal" dividing line, there is a treelike groove. From the walls of the central cavity of the cerebellum, white brain fibers are extended in all directions, which are surrounded by a layer of reddish ganglion cells. This organ is responsible for all bird movements. He is able to coordinate wing flaps and tail turns during flights.
